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A phonological solution to classic problems afflicting explanations on Norse umlaut and breaking.

What is it about?

The article explains ostensible exceptions to sound laws, notably when Old Norse or Old Swedish umlaut occurs where it is not expected to, and when it fails to occur where it should have been there. The article also explains the relative chronology and mechanisms of how different umlauts entered the contrastive phonology.

Why is it important?

The solution to these problems has been sought for nearly 200 years and the failure to formulate an acceptable explanation has made a mockery of modern historical phonology since its inception nearly a century ago.

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The following have contributed to this page:
Johan Schalin
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