So much knowledge is needed to understand the visuals in an Iranian or a Dutch advertisement!
What is it about?
Most advertisements make use of visual tropes. We often find combinations of metaphor (one thing, usually the product, is to be understood in terms of something else) and metonymy (one thing stands for something else, usually the product) in advertisements. In this paper we investigate a number of Iranian and Dutch advertisements from this perspective. All of the ads have been included in the paper.
Why is it important?
Metaphor is, since Forceville's Pictorial Metaphor in Advertising (Routledge 1996), by far the most investigated visual trope in ads. It becomes increasingly clear, however, that metonymy is no less important a trope, and often interacts with metaphor. That is, they needed to be studied together. Perez-Sobrino (2017) was the first book-length study to examine interactions of visual and multimodal metaphor and metonymy. Our paper pursues this line of research, confirming most of her findings, but also offering some new insights. The most important of these is that taking cultural background knowledge into account is crucial for the study of advertisements.