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What is it about?
Theories of learning can guide clinicians in selecting "treatment ingredients" intended to produce durable change in the system undergoing treatment. We used the rehabilitation treatment specification system (RTSS) to outline the hypothesized learning mechanisms underlying three naming treatments for aphasia and the treatment ingredients used across research studies. Four hypothesized learning mechanisms were identified. To maximize outcomes within the proposed learning mechanisms, researchers modified treatment ingredients such as cues, feedback, and scheduling. Variability in how the same treatment was administered across studies highlights the need for theoretically driven research comparing the effect of variations in treatment ingredients on outcomes.